Immune checkpoint inhibitors plus debulking surgery for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: clinical outcomes and immunological correlates of a prospective pilot trial
Abstract Surgical removal 1073spx of primary tumors reverses tumor-mediated immune suppression in pre-clinical models with metastatic disease.However, how cytoreductive surgery in the metastatic setting modulates the immune responses in patients, especially in the context of immune checkpoint therapy (ICT), is not understood.We report the first pro